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楼主: sheeta

英語疑難雜症發問區

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发表于 29-9-2006 04:45 PM | 显示全部楼层
那么can 和could又要怎样分呢?
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 楼主| 发表于 29-9-2006 10:32 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Untitled 于 29-9-2006 04:45 PM 发表
那么can 和could又要怎样分呢?


1)Could是Can的past tense
I could swim well when I was a kid.


2)Could比Can来得formal,有礼貌。
Could you please help me to carry the bag?(比较有礼貌)
Can you please......
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发表于 30-9-2006 03:21 PM | 显示全部楼层

那么
get fooling from all of the world
get fooling from the world
got fool all the people in the world

哪一个对呢?
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 楼主| 发表于 2-10-2006 03:42 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Untitled 于 30-9-2006 03:21 PM 发表

那么
get fooling from all of the world
get fooling from the world
got fool all the people in the world

哪一个对呢?


err...我想问下
你的中文意思是什么?
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发表于 3-10-2006 06:21 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Untitled 于 29-9-2006 11:21 PM 发表

那么
get fooling from all of the world
get fooling from the world
got fool all the people in the world

哪一个对呢?



你想说你被全世界的人骗了吗?
got fooled by
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发表于 3-10-2006 07:14 AM | 显示全部楼层

谢谢了 ^^

顺便问一下
为什么有些sentences
明明就是past了的
但是还是有present tense呢?

example
I've bought a book for you yesterday.

然后为什么
server要加server's ?
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 楼主| 发表于 3-10-2006 11:23 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Untitled 于 3-10-2006 07:14 AM 发表

谢谢了 ^^

顺便问一下
为什么有些sentences
明明就是past了的
但是还是有present tense呢?

example
I've bought a book for you yesterday.
这个是叫present perfect tense.
这个句子通常用bought(如果在writing或者考试的时候比较讲究,conversation的话一般不理)
因为有说明时间。
Present Perfect tense一般就没有时间。

example
He went out in the afternoon.(PAST)
He has gone out with his friends.(PRESENT PERFECT)

然后为什么
server要加server's ? 要看看server's的后面是什么。
一般是名次(noun).

[ 本帖最后由 sheeta 于 3-10-2006 11:26 PM 编辑 ]
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发表于 7-10-2006 10:36 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Untitled 于 2-10-2006 03:14 PM 发表

谢谢了 ^^

顺便问一下
为什么有些sentences
明明就是past了的
但是还是有present tense呢?

example
I've bought a book for you yesterday.

然后为什么
server要加server's ?


那个不是PAST TENSE
那个是PAST PERFECT

i have bought

凡是
has have had
am is are was were (verb to be)
之后的verb都要用past perfect

ex. buy

present: buy
past: bought
p.p : bought <--用这个


另外有的像 come

present: come
past: came
p.p : come <-- 恢复本来的root word


这个基本上多看书就会自然而然会的
不过通常小学老师都会叫你背(至少我小学的时候是这样背出来的)



server后面的 ' 是代表possessive
就是拥有的意思
server's 就是server所拥有/有关系的东西/事物


ex. car

car's <-- 一辆车的XXX
cars' <-- 很多辆车所拥有的XXX
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发表于 7-10-2006 10:37 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 sheeta 于 3-10-2006 07:23 AM 发表
原帖由 Untitled 于 3-10-2006 07:14 AM 发表

谢谢了 ^^

顺便问一下
为什么有些sentences
明明就是past了的
但是还是有present tense呢?

example
I've bought a book for you yesterday.
这个是叫 ...




啊刚看到你回复了
不好意思不好意思
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发表于 7-10-2006 11:58 AM | 显示全部楼层
请问,"埋单"比较正式的英语怎么说?

很惭愧,虽然是个大学生,可是英文程度超烂

无意中发现佳礼有这么棒的贴,以后就有请各位前辈多多指教了
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发表于 7-10-2006 01:54 PM | 显示全部楼层
谢谢了
那么如果是yesterday的话
had bought也可以?


应该是BILL
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 楼主| 发表于 8-10-2006 09:07 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Jasminefow 于 7-10-2006 10:36 AM 发表


那个不是PAST TENSE
那个是PAST PERFECT

i have bought

凡是
has have had
am is are was were (verb to be)
之后的verb都要用past perfect


ex. buy

present: buy
past: bought
p.p : bou ...


不好意思。。
请不要介意我做一些纠正。
可能是我不明白你说什么吧
如果是的话,你再纠正我。

第 1
HAVE BOUGHT -->是 Present Perfect
HAD BOUGHT -->才是 Past Perfect


第 2
凡是
has have had
am is are was were (verb to be)
之后的verb都要用past perfect


嗯。我觉得这个是大概的意思没错,
但是要注意的2个地方
一,就是 P.P 通常是Past Particple的short form (不是Past Perfect)
二,has have had 后面的verb是用Past Partciple (不是 Past Perfect)

如果以你上面所说的话,就变成了

I have had bought a car.
He has had bought a car.
They had had bought a car.
I am had bought a car
She is had bought a car.
They are had bought a car.   .....等等

所以,正确来说。
HAS HAVE HAD 后面是放PAST PARTICPLE。。就是你所说的


ex. buy

present: buy
past: bought
p.p : bought <--用这个


另外有的像 come

present: come
past: came
p.p : come <-- 恢复本来的root word


至于 am is are was were (verb to be),你说得对。
后面的verb也有用 p.p (past particple)时候,但是要声明是 PASSIVE VOICE的时候,
马来文我们说Ayat Pasif,中文应该是被动词。

因为我们不可能说。
She is/was bought her lunch. (她买午餐)
但是,我们可以说
The lunch is/was bought by her. (午餐被买)

我们也不可以说
They are/were given the presents to the kids.(他们给礼物)
但是,我们可以说。
The presents are/were given by them. (礼物被给)

再详细一点,应该说,
普通的情况Verb to-be 后面的 verb 是要加多一个 "ING"
She is/was buying....
They are/were giving...
He is crying.....
Jasmine is cooking...

除非
是被动的情况,Verb to be 后面的 Verb 才用 p.p (Past Participle).


这些,我相信你是懂的,只是解释方面出了一点问题。
我只是怕Untitled 网友,看了你的解释会弄错罢了。

请不要见怪。

[ 本帖最后由 sheeta 于 8-10-2006 09:26 AM 编辑 ]
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发表于 8-10-2006 09:23 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 sheeta 于 7-10-2006 05:07 PM 发表


不好意思。。
请不要介意我做一些纠正。
或许是我不太明白你说什么吧,
如果是的话,你再纠正我。

第 1
HAVE BOUGHT -->是 Present Perfect
HAD BOUGHT -->才是 Past Perfect




whoa...好详细的解释哦
当然不介意

我才发现我打错了那个p.p的

以下你所说的我都赞同
跟你的解释比较起来我真的是词不达意呢


谢谢纠正
不然的话学习的人就学到乱七八糟
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发表于 8-10-2006 10:38 AM | 显示全部楼层
哈哈谢谢
真得懂了很多 ^^

我记得我背过一个表
好像是
present tense|past tense|past participle

不懂是不是这样的
通常表应该都会这样

最后一个应该是past participle?
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发表于 9-10-2006 05:14 PM | 显示全部楼层
请问"让员工有归属感" 的英文该怎么样讲?
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新山-皇后花園 该用户已被删除
发表于 10-10-2006 02:35 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 凯文刚 于 9-10-2006 05:14 PM 发表
请问"让员工有归属感" 的英文该怎么样讲?


let the employees have the sense of belonging (?)
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新山-皇后花園 该用户已被删除
发表于 10-10-2006 02:42 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 -银星- 于 7-10-2006 11:58 AM 发表
请问,"埋单"比较正式的英语怎么说?

很惭愧,虽然是个大学生,可是英文程度超烂

无意中发现佳礼有这么棒的贴,以后就有请各位前辈多多指教了


"foot the bill" 或 "pay the bill"
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新山-皇后花園 该用户已被删除
发表于 10-10-2006 02:51 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Untitled 于 8-10-2006 10:38 AM 发表
哈哈谢谢
真得懂了很多 ^^

我记得我背过一个表
好像是
present tense|past tense|past participle

不懂是不是这样的
通常表应该都会这样

最后一个应该是past participle?


你背的表是irregular verbs
這些verb的past participle都不是直接加-ed在後面的
past participle主要是用在perfect tense, passive voice和當作adjective來用



arise arose arisen
awake awoke awoken
am / is / are was, were been
bear bore borne
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burned, burnt burned, burnt
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cling clung clung
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dived, dove dived
do did done
drag dragged dragged
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
drown drowned drowned
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fit fit fit
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forget forgot forgotten, forgot
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
forswear forswore forsworn
foretell foretold foretold
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten, got
give gave given
go went gone
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hang (suspend) hung hung
have had had
hang (execute) hanged hanged
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled
knit knit, knitted knit, knitted
know knew known
lay (put) laid laid
lead led led
leap leapt, leaped leapt, leaped
learn learnt, learned learnt, learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie (recline) lay lain
light lighted, lit lighted, lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
mislay mislaid mislaid
mislead misled misled
misspeak misspoke misspoken
misspend misspent misspent
pay paid paid
prove proved proved, proven
put put put
quit quit quit
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
saw sawed sawn
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoe shod shod
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shrink shrank shrunk, shrunken
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spin spun spun
spread spread spread
spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank stunk
strike struck struck, stricken
string strung strung
strive strove striven
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
tread trod trodden
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
understand understood understood
win won won
wind wound wound
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written
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新山-皇后花園 该用户已被删除
发表于 10-10-2006 02:54 AM | 显示全部楼层

轉貼

在平時,我們運用英語,都用上很多的形容詞 (Adjective) 如: Beautiful girls 、 Good result 、 Happy day ...etc.
但是當這個 Adjective 需要融合動作時,如:" 炒 "飯、" 勤奮 "的人…etc,普通的  Adjective  便不能勝任了…

    我們都用上很多的代名詞 (Pronoun) 如:The boy who is riding a bicycle is my brother、The bridge which leads to the new airport is called Ching Ma bridge…etc.;有沒有方法可以簡化這些句子呢?

    我們會用上一個完整子句 (Clause) 來表達一個動作、兩句 clauses 來表達兩個動作、三個句子就三個,那麼多個動作,就得用上很多句  clauses  了.

    本來這用法並無不妥,但當每句句子的主語 (subject) 都是同一個的話,那些句子便悶到發慌了(E.g.: After she had taken the breakfast, she went to school, and she hurt her leg while she was getting on bus...),自己也寫得無癮,又怎能讓 marker 不改到 "釣魚" 哩?

    這一堆問題,遇上  Participle  ,便會迎刃而解了。因為利用  Participle  這方法,做出來的句子具有數個功能、用法。其中之二,便是 "  Adjectives " 和簡化句子。

    Participle 只是用於 verb 上,把 verb 變化成不同的格式、不同的意義、不同的用法的補充句。

先看看兩個例子:

E.g.: Mrs. chan is a hard-working woman.
E.g.: I like fried chicken.

    這些句子中的  Adjective  ,都是由 verb 變化出來,但需要強調,它並不是真正的 Adjective ,只是把它當作  Adjective  般用罷了。因此以上的第二句,意思不是 "我喜歡 放火燒雞 "(雖然文法已經錯誤),而是 "我喜歡 炸雞 "。

      Participle  除了利用 verb 之外, 亦可以加插其他屬性的詞語, 成為 Participle clause, 使其於用法上,更具彈性、更多元化。先看看以下的兩個例子:

E.g.: The boy sitting beside Janet is my brother.
E.g.: The old woman knocked down by a lorry yesterday died in hospital this morning.

   "sitting beside Janet" 是一句 participle clause, 它不是 adjective, 但卻像 abjective 一般, 為一些詞語 追加資料/補充. 這例子中, 動詞 (sitting), 介詞 (beside), 名詞 (Janet) 就組成了一句 participle clause, 為這句句子的主語 (The boy) 作出補充.
   第二句例子亦大同小異, "knocked down by a lorry" 是句 participle clause, 由 被動型短句動詞 (knocked down), 介詞 (by) 及 名詞 (a lorry) 所組成. 為其他詞語作出補充

    Participle 的位置, 就如 adjective 一般, 有 pre-modifier (前置修飾詞) 及 post-modifier (後置修飾詞). 前者放於名詞之前, 後者放於名詞之後, Participle 亦可放於 被修飾詞 的前或後, 不過較長的 participle clause 通常都會放於後面。



Participle 的法則及其時態 (Tense)




    每一種文法,都會有一定的規則,使每一種文法都有其特徵、統一性。  Participle  當然也不例外。

Present Participle  表達一個 continuous and active action ;
Past Participle   表達一個 completed and passive action .

    而怎樣判定那個  action  是  continuous  ,那個  action  是  completed  呢?那麼咱們就要先了解  Participle ( infinitive  及 gerund  都如此) 的  tenses  (時態)是怎樣決定。
首先,普通的  tenses  是根據背景時間來決定:現在就是現在,因此用上  Present tense ;過去就是比起現在前,因此用上  past tense ;將來比起現在來得遲,因此用上  future tense 。這些超級基本的概念,你一定已經明瞭。

    但 Participle  的  tense 就不一樣了,它不是與背景時間作比較,而是與主動詞作比較。什麼是主動詞?一句完整句子必須有動詞,如: I stand near the cinema which is in Kowloon. 其中的 "stand"  便是主動詞, "which…"  之後的是補充句,不是  main clause  ,因此其中的動詞,便和  main clause  無關係,便不是主要動詞。

    了解什麼是主動詞後,那就可以入手了。

先看看一個例子吧: I stand near the cinema waiting for my girl friend.

    因為  Participle  是句子中的補充句(文前已提及),那麼  main clause  中的 verb:" stand "  便是它所需要比較的對象了。而又怎樣判定這個  Participle  是那個  tense  呢?首先,我們從句中的意思中:"我站在戲院前等待我女朋友 ",可以明白到我一邊  stand  ,一邊  wait  ,這兩個動作是同時發生,因此,它應該是  Present Participle  表達一個  continuous and active action 。

我們多看一個例子吧: The team having beaten the rivals sets the champion as the goal.  
其中意思是:那一支曾勝過很多對手的隊伍定下冠軍為目標。

    從中我們可以知道 "定下目標" 是現在的事,"曾戰勝" 是以前的事。因此我們用上  active Perfect Participle  。不難明白吧~~

我們再看多兩個例子:
E.g.: People are running out of the burning building.
E.g.: The fire victims looked sadly at their burnt houses.

   第一個例子的用法,我想你應該完全明白了吧。
    至於第二個例子,還記得前文曾提及過:  Past Participle  表達一個  completed and passive action 。因為 "  burn " 這個動作比起主動詞 "  look  " 為早,所以用上  Past Participle  了,而且是被動," 被火燒 ".

但有一點需要留意 , 就算主動詞的 tense 是那一個 Form 也好 (look/  looking/  looked/  have looked/  will look),只要  Participle  的  tense  是  past  ,答案只有  " burnt " 一個。不會因為  " look "  而用  " burnt " 、 " looked "  而用  " had burnt " 。因為  Participle  不是根據背景時間轉變  tense  ,而是與  main verb  作比較再根據  Form Table  運用。

    看過以上數個例子和釋例之後,其實你已經在不知不覺中學懂了  Participle  的兩個用法 ─ 作為 形容詞 , 簡化句子 。如:

" I stand near the cinema waiting for my girl friend. "  便是  " I stand near the cinema, I am waiting for my girl friend. "  的簡化

" The old woman knocked down by the lorry yesterday died in hospital this morning. "  便是 " The old woman who was knocked down by the lorry yesterday died in hospital this morning. "  或  " The old woman was knocked down by the lorry yesterday, she died in hospital this morning. "  的簡化


從云云例子中,我們可以知道某部分  Participle  的用法與  Relative clause (Who,  Which,  Whom,  What,  That...)  相同,因此這兩個 topics 可以相互參照。

  
Participle 的 Continuous 特性

    而  Participle  其中的  continuous  特性是需要特別強調:

例  : The boy who sits next to Alan is absent today.
Wrong: The boy sitting next to Alan is absent today.

    這個  Participle  的錯誤,是因為這個  Participle  與主動詞並不是  continuous  ,是問如果 The boy 今天缺席,又怎會今天坐在 Alan 隔離呢?(因為  Participle  是與主動詞作比較,假如是  continuous  ,那麼 " sit "  與 " is "  便是同步)

相反地,第一句便沒有問題了, "sit"  的 Present tense 除了表示現在外,亦用作  general truth  或  habit  (do it everyday or always),因此平時坐在 Alan 隔離的 The boy ,便可以利用  habit  這特性,用上  Present tense  了。

更多例子: The police are taking a statement from the man who witnessed the robbery yesterday.
Wrong: The police are taking a statement from the man witnessing the robbery yesterday.

    但倘若句子本身是一種  general truth  ,則可以利用  Present Participle :

例:The road leading to the Cross Harbour Tunnel are always congested during the rush hours.


 
Present Participle

Past Participle 的分野

 




Present Participle  表示  active in meaning  ;  Past Participle  表示  passive in meaning  :
The man giving the lecture is a DB member.
The lecture given by the DB member has caused much controversy.

當  Participle acts as Adjective  及亦作情感上的形容,那麼  Present Participle  用來形容 "死物";  Past Participle  用來形容 "人":
E.g.: The film was boring
E.g.: We were all bored to death.

------End of this part

 
Participle 的其他用途






當一個動作發生於另一個動作過程中間,我們會用  Present Participle  來表示較長的動作:
He broke his arm playing basketball .
( = He broke his arm while he was playing basketball.)



當兩個動作同時發生,我們會用  Present Participle  來表示其中一個(任選唔嬲~~):
He stood at the entrance of Sogo waiting for his friends .
我們通常都會在  " stand, sit, lie "  之後用上  Present Participle.



當一個動作於另一動作後立即發生,我們會用  Present Participle  來表示第一個動作:
Hearing the crash , they rushed out to see what happened.



當一個動作發生於另一個動作之前,我們會用上 Perfect Form 的  Participle  (參考 from Table )來表示先前的動作:
Having finished breakfast , my grandparents went out for a walk.



用以提出原因:( 這個最好用哩! )
Being unwell , Tony took a day off.
( = As Tony was unwell, he took a day off.)
因為  " unwell "  是  Adjective  ,所以之前便需要 " verb to be "  ,於  Participle  中 "   be " 便順理成章地變成  " being "  了。

Not knowing what to do , I asked for her advice.
( =Since I did not know what to do, I asked for her advice.)

注意:如果一個  Participle  的  subject  與  main clause  的  subject  不同,那麼  Participle  的  subject  便要寫出來,否則別人都不知道你的  Participle  是對著什麼用上:

It being late , she decided not to call him back.
(= As it was late, she decided not to call him back.)
如果順手過頭,忘了把  Participle  的  subject  寫下,沒有了 " It "  那麼別人就不知道到底是什麼遲到了…
------End of this part



     Participle  這課題大概已經完成,其實只要熟識(或只是知道)  Gerund  ,便不會對  Participle  的格式感到陌生、了解  Infinitive 、 Gerund  或  Participle  其中一課的  tense  原則,便會一次過懂得它們  tenses  的原則了。因為這三課太相似了,學習上應該不太難,唯易學難精,始終都係  practice makes Perfect 。

    而  Participle  是我最喜歡的 topics 之一,因為它的用途甚廣,善加利用可以塑造自己的個人風格,文筆簡潔,形象特出,多數 advanced English 都會用上  Participle  。(只要你打開報紙,望落去有些句子好像搞成一團,怎拆也不能分開 clause 還 clause、phase 還 phase 時,恭喜你!你已經入了  Participle  的八陣圖了。)因此如果你的  Participle  有一定水準的話, Writing 一定可以給予 marker 一個好印象。而且  Paper2  的  proof reading  和  usage  更是其中的大熱。
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发表于 10-10-2006 04:44 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 新山-皇后花園 于 10-10-2006 02:42 AM 发表


"foot the bill" 或 "pay the bill"


"Excuse me, I would like to foot the bill (pay the bill)." 吗?
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