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发表于 19-1-2005 10:47 AM
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我的失误,非常感激fcthow兄指出,已经修改了。
有网友问我为何那么粗心,所以在我在这里做一点注解。
开始时,我也很好奇为何这里的一些前辈朋友在算ROE时会以NTA当成Shareholders' Equity。由于我刚开始研究大马股市(以往在国外投资),所以我认为这里的前辈朋友们应该对自家的Accounting Rule很清楚。
我因此误解了在大马,NTA等于Shareholders' Equity。后来才知道原来前辈朋友们是为了调整ROE或方便计算ROE才把NTA当成是Shareholders' Equity。就是这么简单。
[ Last edited by 乌天 on 21-2-2005 at 03:40 PM ] |
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发表于 20-1-2005 01:40 PM
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上面有网友所提出关于估价Assets的疑问,都可以在这里找到(Papaya兄提供的Link,谢谢!)。
http://www.masb.org.my/MASB_Std_Eng/masb21h.htm
以下是我从那选来的一些重要部分:
equity and other marketable securities at their current market prices, unless the volatility of the price or the thinness of the trading makes the market price an unreliable indicator of the fair value of a security, in which case, the fair value should be estimated by valuation;
non-marketable securities at estimated value based on considerations, such as price earnings ratio, dividend yields, expected growth rates, discounted cash flows, etc.;
land and buildings at their market value;
plant and equipment at their market value determined by appraisal. When there is no evidence of market value because of the specialised nature of the plant and equipment or because the items are rarely sold, except as part of a continuing business, they are valued at their depreciated replacement cost;
[ Last edited by 乌天 on 19-1-2005 at 11:42 PM ] |
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发表于 20-1-2005 02:22 PM
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fcthow 于 19-1-2005 10:33 AM 说 :
NTA=ASSETS- LIABILITIES-INTANGIBLE ASSETS
NET ASSET= SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
NET TANGIBLLE ASSET =/= SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
请问,
如果我们把LIABILITIES 和 INTANGIBLE ASSETS 弄大的话,
NTA 就减少
ROE就提高了对吗?
ASSETS 和 NET ASSET 是不是一样的?
还是 NET ASSET = ASSETS - LIABILITIES?
所以,NTA = NET ASSET - INTANGIBLE ASSETS? |
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发表于 20-1-2005 02:24 PM
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Harimau 于 18-1-2005 12:57 AM 说 :
這是我們曾在此討論過的 ROE 公式分解. 這個公式源自外國的一篇財經論文, 之後我也曾把它拿到本地的財經雜誌討論...
股東基金回報率 = 淨利 / 股東基金
= 淨利 / 營業額 X 營業額 / 資 ...
只要股东基金小,
ROE就会提高对吗? |
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发表于 20-1-2005 02:28 PM
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乌天 于 20-1-2005 01:40 PM 说 :
上面有网友所提出关于估价Assets的疑问,都可以在这里找到(Papaya兄提供的Link,谢谢!)。
[url=http://www.masb.org.my/ ...
舉個例子﹕
PTARAS:
LONG TERM ASSETS - 42,745,206
Fixed Asset - 36,991,986
Subsidiary Companies - 0
Associated Companies - 799,292
Investments - 3,033,234
Intangible Assets - 0
Other Long Term Assets - 1,920,694
CURRENT ASSETS - 92,809,443
Stocks/Inventories - 9,049,324
Trade Debtors - 26,354,568
Cash and Bank Balances - 34,203,199
Short Term Investments - 14,483,330
Other Debtors, Deposit and Prepayment- 8,719,022
Government Securities - 0
Loans and Advances - 0
Trading Account Securities - 0
Net profit: 9,903,000
Shareholder Fund : 117,211
Revenue : 87,358,000
那assets=42745+92809= 135,554
所以 ROE = ( 9,903/87,358)*(87,358/135,554)*(135,554/117,211)
= 0.114 * 0.645 * 1.157
= 8.5%
對嗎﹖
謝謝烏天大大       |
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发表于 20-1-2005 03:01 PM
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楼主 |
发表于 20-1-2005 03:54 PM
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ArsenalMAS 于 20-1-2005 12:28 AM 说 :
舉個例子﹕
PTARAS:
LONG TERM ASSETS - 42,745,206
Fixed Asset - 36,991,986
Subsidiary Companies - 0
Associated Companies - 799,292
Investments - 3,033,234
Intangible Asse ...
ArsenalMAS兄,
既然已经有现成的Net Profit和Shareholders' Equity数据,基本上是直接用Net Profit除以Shareholders' Equity就行了。但是,就如上面的前辈们所言,用Du Pont Method把它解剖来计算,能使我们更加了解“内情”。 |
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发表于 20-1-2005 04:22 PM
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发表于 20-1-2005 05:02 PM
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ArsenalMAS 于 20-1-2005 04:22 PM 说 :
烏天大大﹐
我想知道既然我算出了
淨利/營業額 可以衡量 利潤 = 0.114
營業額/資產 可以衡量 資產週轉 = 0.645
資產/股東基金 可以衡量 財務杠杆 = 1.157
這代表高還是低﹖有沒有一定的標準﹖. ...
利润是指能否与同行取得更高的投资回酬。
财务杠杆指的是公司有没有借太多钱来买资产。
資產週轉指的是资产在营业额的周转。
是吗? |
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发表于 20-1-2005 05:08 PM
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NeverGiveUp 于 20-1-2005 02:22 PM 说 :
请问,
如果我们把LIABILITIES 和 INTANGIBLE ASSETS 弄大的话,
NTA 就减少
ROE就提高了对吗?
ASSETS 和 NET ASSET 是不是一样的?
还是 NET ASSET = ASSETS - LIABILITIES?
所以,NTA = NET ASS ...
这个问题,我已经提过很多次。我说过,eps/nta是很难拿到正确的roe的。因为nta不等于shareholder equity.所以,用net profit/shareholder equity绝对是正确无误的。所以,增加liabilities和intangible asset是不可能提高roe的。
注意:net asset=shareholder equity. net tangible asset不等于shareholder equity. |
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发表于 20-1-2005 05:20 PM
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ArsenalMAS 于 20-1-2005 04:22 PM 说 :
烏天大大﹐
我想知道既然我算出了
淨利/營業額 可以衡量 利潤 = 0.114
營業額/資產 可以衡量 資產週轉 = 0.645
資產/股東基金 可以衡量 財務杠杆 = 1.157
這代表高還是低﹖有沒有一定的標準﹖. ...
嗯!我想ArsenalMAS的意思是说,他想要知道的是。当我们算出了这些数据,那么要如何得去衡量它的好坏呢?
如果我采用上面的例子来看,利潤: 0.114,是这0.114是代表着好,还是不好,或是适中呢?
小弟也不是很清楚,就恳请各位大大出手相助。谢谢!
TREX
[ Last edited by TREX on 20-1-2005 at 05:21 PM ] |
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发表于 20-1-2005 06:17 PM
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发表于 20-1-2005 07:21 PM
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ROE
I disagree with the idea of the ROE can "increase/decrease" because d market price of the quoted investment has been increased/decrease before realising of the profit/lose.
Back to d basic of what is shareholder fund???
Shareholder Fund = Paid Up Capital + Retained Profit
or
Shareholder Fund = Paid Up Capital - Acculumated Lose
In the case of no profit/lose has been "realised", it wont reported in the Profit/Lose Account. So, the shareholder fund still the same. No matter up/down the quoted price of the investment, it wont affect the increase/decrease of the ROE.
Unless, like the situation i highlighted above,
1. Write off the investment (Reduce the retained profit)
2. Revaluation of the investment, follow by the issue of bonus share (Increase the paid up capital).
So, i see no reason ROE can be increased/decreased just because of the up/down of the quoted investment.
As i said, dont talk of the banking/insurance share, because investment is part of their core activity.
For those who are interested how ROE can be increased, pls read "The Warren Buffet Way". Strictly according to the Warren Buffet Way, the ROE can be affected by 5 of the following;
1. Increase the debt. (that is why the idea of ROA & ROCI come in)
2. Use of cheaper leverage or debt.
3. Increase the turnover of the assets.
4. ..........(Pls check)
5. ..........(Pls check)
TQ.
2nd brother. |
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发表于 20-1-2005 11:09 PM
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secondbrother 于 20-1-2005 05:21 AM 说 :
I disagree with the idea of the ROE can "increase/decrease" because d market price of the quoted investment has been increased/decrease before realising of the profit/lose.
Back to d b ...
我们在讨论的是如何看透ROE。
纯属个人意见:看关于股神的书不应只看The Warren Buffett Way,我觉得这本书中,作者Hagstrom的个人意见还多过股神的意见。去看Berkshire Hathaway的年报吧,当股神解释他的一些早期的投资时,他有多次提出如何看透财务报告。
那么。。。Equity里全部都是废纸而已???
或许你可以看看虎兄所提供的ROE大解剖Chart的链接吧。
很多产业是用市价计算的,这根本不是什么秘密。股神的方法有助于看清管理层的投资眼光。
的确在大马,除了保险业和金融业以外,很少公司有能力大量投资于Operating Activities以外的东西。其实这真的不是秘密,以前Genting持有大量Resort World,前辈们就有一个Formula来计算Resort的股价变动对Genting资产的影响,有差别时就立刻行动等市场调整后立刻套利。
其实我的本意是在映射:在任何行业的报告里所看到的任何产业估价都不可以太相信,有的有意无意高估,有的有意无意低估。
[ Last edited by 乌天 on 20-1-2005 at 11:33 AM ] |
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发表于 20-1-2005 11:10 PM
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发表于 21-1-2005 01:43 PM
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乌兄,谢谢您的解释。让小弟茅塞顿开。看来,乌兄也是股神的follower rite..
共勉之。。 |
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发表于 21-1-2005 05:41 PM
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乌天 于 20-1-2005 11:09 PM 说 :
我们在讨论的是如何看透ROE。
纯属个人意见:看关于股神的书不应只看The Warren Buffett Way,我觉得这本书中,作者Hagstrom的个人意见还多过股神的意见。去看Berkshire Hathaway的年报吧,当股神解释他的一 ...
乌天兄,
从我做的几份功课中,我认为secondbrother的看法是也是有道理的。
股价或产业的波动并不会为个股的ROE带来任何的影响,当然封闭基金或从事投资行业的股项除外。举个例子,Pasdec拥有YTLCMT约13%的股权->YTLCMT的股价已比其收购价高出了约30%,不过若Pasdec没有把这些股权卖出的话,YTLCMT的股价对其ROE并没有任何的意义(这些隐藏性的获利、资产并不会在出现在P&L之中)。
但若换另一个角度来看,你的看法也并没有错:
例子1:
从事投资事业的PTaras - 它的投资部的unrealise gain也是一样的没算在equity之中(unrealise gain)。不过实质上它的equity是增加了(随着股价的扬升),所以当它出售这些金融产品时,就会获得额外的盈利 -〉这也许就是你所谓的其资产被低估吧?
例子2:
Petaling Garden -〉它的地库是N年前买下的,现在的价格已远不及此,但它却没有重新评估该地段,所以NTA就被严重低估了。。所以它的每个产业计划都能够为它带来丰厚的利润(享有高的margin),当计算ROE时 ->它的ROE就比同行高出了很多,这就是因为它的equity被严重低估的原因丫! |
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发表于 21-1-2005 05:52 PM
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糊涂 于 21-1-2005 05:41 PM 说 :
乌天兄,
从我做的几份功课中,我认为secondbrother的看法是也是有道理的。
股价或产业的波动并不会为个股的ROE带来任何的影响,当然封闭基金或从事投资行业的股项除外。举个例子,Pasdec拥有Y ...
1. 请问产业股合时重估地段的价格?
这样,产业股的NTA就不稳定了,对不?(ROE就不适用于产业股了,对不?) |
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发表于 21-1-2005 08:28 PM
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糊涂兄,
首先非常感谢你的帮忙。你给的例子总算反映了一些我想要说的。。。
(EDIT:不同的公司用的ACCOUNTING POLICIES可能稍微不同,请先看下一个回复。)
由始至终,我试图表达的是,对于那些用Market Value来计算Marketable Securities的公司,当这类Assets价起或价落时,通常会由市场效率而被反映在股价上。如果我们不用公司买入的Cost来重新计算的话,ROE这个宝贵指标当然会被市场误导,无法反映管理层的投资眼光和企业的性质。
这些,对股神信徒来说应该是耳熟能详的基本常识(很惊讶为何人们无法接受),通常,股神信徒会对ROE做出以下三大调整(以下是我试图在记忆中‘挖出’股神用的原文,以示真实,有兴趣者请搜索网络以验证):
Adjustments that need to be made to ROE ratios:
1。 Marketable securities should be valued at cost
2。 Exclude any extraordinary items and capital gains & losses
3。 Achieve high return on equity without increasing Debt/Equity ratio
各位认为如何?
[ Last edited by 乌天 on 21-1-2005 at 07:37 AM ] |
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发表于 21-1-2005 09:32 PM
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在我发的贴里,我假设人们应该懂得自己做功课,然后变通,因为不同的公司用的ACCOUNTING POLICIES可能稍微不同,例如:
Pasdec 如何处置如Marketable Securities?
这是我在年报里剪来的:
Marketable securities are carried at the lower of cost and market value, determined on an aggregate basis. Cost is determined on the weighted average basis while market value is determined based on quoted market values.
Genting又如何处置呢?
这是我在年报里剪来的:
The fair value of publicly traded securities is based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet date.
PPB又如何处置呢?
这是我在年报里剪来的:
The fair value of quoted investments is estimated based on quoted market prices.
等等等等。。。 |
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