英文基本文法（GRAMMAR)

hopeless84

原帖由 stan24ley 于 12-12-2006 02:59 PM 发表
请求别人为我们做事的时候，can 和 could 都可以用的。
eg：Can/Could you do me a favour？
    Can/Could you wait a moment，please？

但是，如果前面加上 do you think，就只可以用 could
Do you think ...

谢谢指导

stan24ley

原帖由 yen1988 于 12-12-2006 03:43 PM 发表


哦,我的那本书没解释这么多....谢谢指点了
can/could = 可以
will/would =将
shall/should =应该，将
may/might =可能，可以

呵呵，我也是刚好身边有一本英文文法书，才从书上偷了一些资料下来
学外语最忌就是直接翻译成自己母语来学，尤其是文法部分。这样很容易混淆，也容易出错。文化的不同，思维方式的不同，表达方式的不同，生活习惯的不同，导致这世界上没有一种语言可以完全由另一种语言来解释。翻译过来后，意思上、语感上或多或少有一些改变。
建议还是买一本英文解释的文法书，以英国人学习英文的方式来学习英文，这样才可以学到像英国人式的英文。

tensaix2j

i often get confused with the use of the word "help" followed by a verb

i came across this in lot of articles..
Why the verb after the word "help" doesn't have suffix "-ing"  ,


examples:

"To help create the opportunity .."
"To help make it .."

why it isn't "to help creating .."
"to help making..."

Are these correct??
The "help" itself is a verb, why is there another verb following without midifying the verb into gerund type of noun.. such as adding -ing to suffix?.

Help!

tensaix2j

and english has this strange grammar, when the "if" interferes..

eg:

if i were
if he were
if it were
if they were..

by ignoring the s.v.a totally..

stan24ley

原帖由 tensaix2j 于 13-12-2006 01:54 AM 发表
i often get confused with the use of the word "help" followed by a verb

i came across this in lot of articles..
Why the verb after the word "help" doesn't have suffix " ...

在英文，当两个动词连接在一起的时候，有两种句型：verb1 + verb2-ing 或者 verb1 + to + verb2。有些动词只可以其中一种情形；有些动词两种情形都可以用，意思也一样；有些动词两种情形都可以用，但意思上有分别。

help应该是属于两种情形都可以用但意思上有分别的例子。

表示‘帮忙做某件事’，一般上我们只说‘help to do’。但help算是蛮特别的，它的‘to'是可以省略掉，变成‘help do’。所以你所提出的其实就是
To help create the opportunity ... = To help to create the opportunity...
To help make it ... = To help to make it ...


另外，help 还有一个常见的用法是：can't help 或者 couldn't help。这种情形后面如果是动词的话就只可以接-ing。
I can't help laughing at his funny face.
He can't help being poor.

stan24ley

原帖由 tensaix2j 于 13-12-2006 02:04 AM 发表
and english has this strange grammar, when the "if" interferes..

eg:

if i were
if he were
if it were
if they were..

by ignoring the s.v.a totally..

当我们认为某件事绝对有可能会发生的，if 后面接present tense。

当我们并不是认为该事情有可能性发生，而纯粹表示假设性的，想象我们处于那种情形，后面的动词我们都用past tense，但不代表事情已经发生过。

比方说，朋友的钱包掉了，怀疑是掉在你家。这时你可以说：
If I find the wallet, I will let you know.
你认为这件事是的确很有可能的，并不只是‘想象的’，所以这里要用present tense。

如果一个人说：
If I found a wallet in the street, I'd take it to the police.
在这里，与‘可不可能’没有关系，那个人只是想象自己处于那个情形才说出那种假设。他并没有觉得自己真的会捡到钱包。

一样地，当我们表示‘如果我是某某人’‘如果我是一只小鸟’‘如果他是我老公’，这种纯粹假设性的句子，我们必须用past tense。而这里的情形比较特别的是，我们可以用were来代替was（不是一定要用were）。

If I were you... = If I was you...
If it were possible = If it was possible.

yen1988

原帖由 stan24ley 于 13-12-2006 01:51 AM 发表


呵呵，我也是刚好身边有一本英文文法书，才从书上偷了一些资料下来
学外语最忌就是直接翻译成自己母语来学，尤其是文法部分。这样很容易混淆，也容易出错。文化的不同，思维方式的不同，表达方式的不同，生活 ...

你误会了，我的那本文法书是纯英文的，华语的部分是我怕网友不明白自己加上去的。
可以问问你吗？an umbrella 那如果加了beautiful呢？ a beautiful umbrella 对吗？
另外，i have never heard about it 有错吗？如果没错是否表示要跟回 have 而不是never?
谢谢。

[ 本帖最后由 yen1988 于 13-12-2006 12:10 PM 编辑 ]

stan24ley

a或an，the的发音变化，都是取决于之后的那个字最开始的发音。 如果第二个字的发音是以母音开始的，a就要改去an，而the要发音为‘thi’。
an umbrella -> a beautiful umbrella
a boy -> an honest boy
（umbrella 和 honest 的发音皆以母音开始）

______________________________________________________________________

never,not,ever 等的字眼在句子中的出现并不会影响本来的tense。
I have heard about it.
I have never heard about it.
I have not heard about it.
Have you ever heard about it?
以上全都是present perfect tense, have/has + heard.

tensaix2j

I am not very sure about this,

my friends often say:

"i m going to somewhere... tomorrow"..

Shouldn't this be future continuous rather than present continuous, as such that:

"I will be going to somewhere... tomorrow.."..


or both are acceptable??

Help..

stan24ley

原帖由 tensaix2j 于 13-12-2006 01:25 PM 发表
I am not very sure about this,

my friends often say:

"i m going to somewhere... tomorrow"..

Shouldn't this be future continuous rather than present continuous, as such that:

& ...

I'm going to somewhere tomorrow.
I'll be going to somewhere tomorrow.
这个清醒两个都可以的。但present continuous 和future continuous 分别还有其他用法，可以参考以下第四部分。

表示将来会做的事情，一般有以下3种用法。
I am doing (present continuous tense)
I do (simple present tense)
I will do (simple future tense)

*simple present tense 和 present continuous tense 分别还有其他的用法，将在第四部分略提。在第一和第二部分解释的是用来表示‘将来’的时候。
__________________________________________________________________________


一  当我们说起一些我们已经安排好的事情，我们用present continuous tense。
What are you doing this weekend? (X What will you do)(询问人家周末有没有计划）
John is getting married next month.(X will get)(婚礼安排在下个月）

有一个跟present continuous tense相似的是 I am going to do。这个表示我们已经决定要做一些事情。两者相差不大，很多时候可以通用，但是决定性的分别在于，一个表示安排好了，一个表示决定了（但不一定安排好了）

I am going to marry her. 我决定要娶她（非她不娶）。
I am marrying her/ I am getting married with her.我要和她结婚了（安排好了）

*注：I am going to （somewhere) 和 I am going to do (something) 是不一样的。前者动作是go，后者动作是do。如果动词是go，一般不说I am going to go to (somewhere)。
_________________________________________________________________________

二  当我们表示一定的流程，时间表之类的，我们用simple present tense.
It is Thursday tomorrow.(X It will be Thursday tomorrow)
What time does the movie start? (X What time will the movie start)
What time do you finish work tommorow? (X What time will you finish work tommorow?)

比较：
What time are you leaving tommorow?(个人安排用present continuous tense）
What time does the train leave tommorow?（时间表用simple present tense）
_______________________________________________________________________

三  当我们在说话的当儿决定要做一些事情，我们用simple future tense。

Will you marry me?(求婚时说。不是问人家之前有没有安排或决定）
-It's very cold today.
-I will turn the air cond off.(现在才决定的）

当我们预测将来会发生的事情，我们也用simple future tense.

Don't worry about Susuan, she is a smart girl. She will pass the exam easily.
When will you know your exam results?
________________________________________________________________________

四  小总结
当我们说现在或即将发生的事情，用simple present tense。(I do)
当我们说现在正在发生的事情，用present continuous tense.(I am doing)
当我们说之前发生的事情（导致现在的结果），用present perfect tense (I have done)

当我们说之前或当时之前发生的事情，用simple past tense.(I did)
当我们说之前正在发生的事情，用past continuous tense。(I was doing)
当我们说当时之前发生过的事情（导致当时的结果），用past perfect tense.(I had done)

当我们说将来会发生的事情，用simple future tense (I will do)
当我们说将来到时会正在发生的事情，用future continuous tense.(I will be doing)
当我们说将来会发生的事情（导致到时的结果），用future perfect tense.(I will have done)

比方说，2006年12月13日 1pm-2pm，你吃午餐，点了意大利面。

2006年12月13日 1pm，你说：I take lunch.
2006年12月13日 1.20pm，Brian打电话给你，你说：I am taking lunch.
2006年12月13日 2.05pm，John约你吃午餐，你说：I have just taken lunch.(现在的结果：饱了）

2006年12月13日晚上，你说：I took spagetti this afternoon.
                          I was having lunch when Brian called me.
                          I had just finished my lunch when John invited me.

你决定周末去看电影，2pm-3.45pm那场电影。
你说：I will go to see a movie this weekend.(现在决定的）
John 约你这个周末3pm去喝茶，你说：Ops,I will be watching movie at that time.
然后John又问你4pm如何。你说：That's ok, I will have finished the movie.

另外，future continuous tense(I will be doing)还有另一个用法，和第一部分的present continuous是一样的。

darksider

Article-a-used before a singular countable noun which starts with a consonant sound.
        an-used before a singular countable noun which starts with a vowel sound.
There is 3 rules we must obey before use a/an
                                        :it must be a countable noun
                                         It must be singular
                                         It must be consonant/vowel sound
  Countable noun-Plural/singular
  Uncountable noun-no plural/singular   

Why a european tourist approach you?
European-when we pronounce it's like "youropean",it seems start with You,so it's consonant sound,that's why we put a before european.

Teacher in school dont know how to teach,they will lead their student to the wrong track.However,their explanations are the alphabet is silent(h is taken out from hour,so we put an hour,man this is ridiculous),and one more,they will tell you that a noun start with vowel(aeiou),you must put an...all this is bullshit,they're silly.

Hour-when we pronounce,it likes start with "arwer",start with A(vowel sound),so we put an before it.




If you want me to clarify everything,i will do when i return home from genting.

[ 本帖最后由 darksider 于 13-12-2006 04:22 PM 编辑 ]

yen1988

谢谢stan24ley和darksider的指点。
若谁有什么要分享的就尽管用这个帖吧，让大家一起学习学习。

COUNTABLE NOUNS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS （可数和不可数名词）

COUNTABLE NOUNS
e.g.books geese knives lamps oranges

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
e.g. air water paper perfume sand sugar grass ink

Used for countable nouns
Many, A few, Several

e.g.Manypupils were late to school.
     My cousins lived in this town a few years ago.
     Severalhouses were damaged in the storm.

Used for uncountable nouns
A little

e.g. She poured a little soup into a bowl.


Much is used
1)for uncountable nouns
2)in questions用于疑问句
3)in negative statements用于否定句

e.g.How much rice do you want？
    There isn't much money in his wallet（皮夹）.

Some, A lot of, Plenty of are used
1)for countable nouns
2)for uncountable nouns

e.g.Mother poured some coffee into the cup.
    He is playing with some marbles.
    She bought a lot of books.
    We have to drink a lot of water everyday.
    There are plenty of cups on the rack.架上有许多杯子。
    Plenty of food was wasted when the guests did not turn up.客人没有出席浪费了许多食物。

[ 本帖最后由 yen1988 于 13-12-2006 09:00 PM 编辑 ]

tensaix2j

Ok, thanks...


3rd Question from me.

"to make it live" or "to make it lives" ?

tensaix2j

anyone????

darksider

First of all,"to make it live/lives" is not a sentence.

He/she/it-singular v (verb+s)

[ 本帖最后由 darksider 于 17-12-2006 11:05 PM 编辑 ]

tensaix2j

but you have not answered my question.

stan24ley

如果是指‘使某人...’，‘强逼某人...’，后面用动词原型,无论是不是过去式的句子，第三人称。

That dress makes her look slim.
He made his son study medicine.

tensaix2j

I see. Thank you, Stan24ley. You have answered my question.

[ 本帖最后由 tensaix2j 于 18-12-2006 06:19 PM 编辑 ]

chingfong85

原帖由 stan24ley 于 12-12-2006 14:59 发表
...另外，请求别人做事时也可以用 will/would，但can/could会比较常见。
will/would you do me a favour? ...

I'm writing this from my point of understanding.....
could and would both can be used.but the meaning is different..

could --〉用在‘可不可以’。。‘有没有能力’。
would --> 用在‘将要’。。‘愿不愿意’。

if you could do something. you have the ability to do it.
if you would do something. you are willing to do it.

I could do that, but i wouldn't.
我能够那样做，不过我不愿意去做/ 不过我将不会那样做。。

i wouldn't do that even if i could.
就算我有能力那么做，我也不愿（不要）去做。。

How could you do that?
为什么你能够那么做？

Why would you do that?
为什么你要那样做？

[ 本帖最后由 chingfong85 于 9-1-2007 02:34 AM 编辑 ]

stan24ley

原帖由 chingfong85 于 19-12-2006 12:32 AM 发表


I'm writing this from my point of understanding.....
could and would both can be used.but the meaning is different..

could --〉用在‘可不可以’。。‘有没有能力’。
would --> 用在‘将要’ ...

没错，could 和 would 的确有这个分别，但是，当我们请求对方帮忙时，如 Could you do me a favour，我们并不是询问对方‘有没有能力’帮我们，而是‘愿不愿意’，这和Would you do me a favour 是一样的。